One of the unusual features of JavaScript is encapsulation using closures. It is unusual because in many other programming languages, this mechanism is implemented using classes. In JavaScript, however, there is a different mechanism that may seem strange if you don't understand the nuances of variables and functions.

If a variable or object in JavaScript is not placed inside any function, they become global. All global elements in JavaScript are properties of the global object. For browsers, this object is window. At the same time, statements like for, if, and others do not affect the visibility of variables.

Creating global variables is generally undesirable as it can lead to hard-to-detect errors and makes it difficult to transfer code to other applications.